By Megan Youdelis and Justine Townsend
Indigenous-led conservation is often supported in theory, but undermined in practice. Canadian federal, provincial and territorial government agencies voice support for IPCAs and intend to count them toward their international conservation commitments. However, other agencies, ministries, and actors within those same governments often threaten IPCAs by awarding tenures to extractive industries (eg. mining, logging, oil and gas, etc.) without the consent of, or ensuring benefits to, local Indigenous peoples.
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